Bus ISA diperbarui dengan menambahkan bus data selebar menjadi 16-bit pada IBM PC/AT pada tahun 1984, sehingga jenis bus ISA yang beredar pun terbagi. PCI: ~Is processor independent, meaning the CPU and PCI bus can process concurrently ~Supports plug and play, meaning installed devices are detected and configured automatically ~Most commonly used by devices such as sound cards, modems, network cards, and storage device. g. ISA is the basis of the modern personal computer and the primary architecture used in the vast majority of PC systems on the market today. VESA (Video Electronics Standards Association) made VESA Local Bus (VL-Bus or VLB). The USB front panel connector was not properly connected. ISA began to be replaced by the PCI local bus architecture. main purpose of VESA bus is to increase the speed than ISA an EISA Bus standards. Functionality. F-type, A. • PCI(Peripheral Component Interconnect) bus is based on ISA (Industry Standard Architecture) Bus and VL (VESA Local) Bus. Users will be streaming a lot of video. An output Low is 0 to 0. VESA local bus + Add translation Add VESA local bus "VESA local bus" in English - Spanish dictionary. Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) Each bus slot routes data through a point-to-point dedicated connection. Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) Replaced ISA and VESA bus standards. The ISA bus comes in two flavors, 8 and 16 bits. Data rates depend on the protocol version and number of transmission lines. LabSim for PC Pro, Section 3. and more. Vlb b us traditional io buses such as isa mca our. Buses that have been replaced by newer types are considered legacy buses. (You can use a bus type more than once. no. • Detail pin connections and signal connections on the ISA, VESA local, and PCI buses. Date post: 29-Mar-2015: Category: Documents: Upload: iyanna-tarr View: 238 times: Download:. Proprietary local buses (q. EISA Extended Industry Standard Architecture designed by Compaq and other clone companies as alternative to MCA Allows use of ISA bus boards in new computers. Pro. · The system bus or backside bus section connects the CPU to the CPU’s L2 cache. Not seen much anymore. VESA is an older graphics interface that was replaced by AGP many years ago. -> Replaced ISA and VESA bus standards. VESA (VL bus) is a 33MHz extension of the ISA bus used of high-speed data transfer applications. A fast bus allows data to be transferred faster, which makes applications run faster. 11. IEEE 488 is a short-range digital communications 8-bit parallel multi-master interface bus specification developed by Hewlett-Packard as HP-IB (Hewlett-Packard Interface Bus). Oh, yes. Intel launched their PCI bus chipsets along with the P5-based Pentium CPUs in 1993. This was replaced by PCI. The CDL school bus driver license practice test will examine your knowledge of danger zones and use of mirrors, loading and unloading, emergency exit and evacuation, and student management. AGP - Attaches to the motherboard to allow additional cards to be installed. The CPU and bus can process concurrently. There once was an attempt to extend ISA into a 32-bit bus, called Extended Industry Standard Architecture (EISA). VESA Local Bus (VLB) The first local bus to gain popularity, the VESA local bus (also called VL-Bus or VLB for short) was introduced in 1992. Technical characteristics. 7. An expansion bus architecture is the same as expansion slot type. At the top is an EISA SCSI card. The Flat Display Mounting Interface (FDMI), also known as VESA Mounting Interface Standard (MIS) or colloquially as VESA mount, is a family of standards defined by the Video Electronics Standards Association for mounting flat panel monitors, televisions, and other displays to stands or wall mounts. 33 MHz (in fact, before the emergence IBM PC-XT, this value was 4,77 MHz). 802. (PCI) was developed to replace the obsolete ISA and VESA bus standards. Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) Each bus slot routes data through a point-to-point dedicated connection. 0 July 31, 1995 1 Silicon Integrated Systems Corporation Part I 1. The PCI interface replaced ISA and its extensions (VL - Vesa. RG-6 B. The VESA Local Bus (usually abbreviated to VL-Bus or VLB) is a short-lived expansion bus introduced during the i486 generation of x86 IBM-compatible personal computers. typically used for network cards, usb cards, and sound cards. Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) is the 16-bit internal bus of IBM PC/AT and similar computers based on the Intel 80286 and its immediate successors during the 1980s. Legacy buses are rarely used and include: AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port) was a dedicated bus type used by dedicated video cards AMR (Audio/Modem Riser) was a riser card that attached to the motherboard and allowed additional cards (called daughter cards) to be installed CNR (Communications Network Riser) was a riser. School CDI College of Business, Technology and Health Care; Course Title Computer Network Man 667-057064; Type. ISA Bus: Short for Industry Standard Architecture bus. On PCs, the old ISA bus is being replaced by faster buses such as PCI. PCl Express (PCle) e Each bus slot routes data through a point-to-point dedicated connection. The STD Bus has also been designated as STD-80, referring to its relation to the Zilog Z80 series microprocessors. #1. What is the advantage of the PCIe bus over the PCI bus? Click the card to flip 👆. Study Resources. The PCI standard includes bus timing requirements, protocol specifications, electrical specifications, and the physical dimensions of the PCI edge card connector. VL-Bus is short for VESA local bus (VLB). For a short while, all five buses (ISA, MCA, EISA, VLB, PCI) existed in the market. Local Bus Standards VESA VL Bus - (Video Electronics Standards Association. ii. Compaq) and then the VESA Local Bus Standard, were late 1980s expansion buses that were tied but not exclusive to the 80386 and 80486 CPU bus. 12. Slide 1ISA BUS (Industry Standard Architecture) Cahit Tarık Genç Slide 2 What is BUS ? A bus connects all the internal computer components to the CPU and Main memory. Pages 226 Course Hero uses AI to attempt to automatically extract content from documents to surface to you and others so you can study better, e. Log in Join. VLB: Stands for "VESA Local Bus. The standard succeeded the ISA and VESA Local Bus standards as the most widely used expansion bus. Features of The VESA Local Bus Card. -> Replaced ISA and VESA bus standards. Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) is the bus architecture that was introduced as an 8-bit bus with the original IBM PC in 1981; it was later expanded to 16 bits with the IBM PC/AT in 1984. The PCI was first implemented in IBM PC compatibles, where it displaced the combination of several slow ISA slots and one fast VESA Local Bus slot as the bus configuration. ISA based Sound Blaster sound card. (The VESA standard was so intertwined with the. A dedicated bus type used by dedicated video cards. 😉An unofficial designation for the bus design of the IBM PC/XT, which allows various adapters to be added to the system by means of inserting plug-in cards into expansion slots. txt) or read online for free. I haven't had much trouble finding information about the ISA bus (both at the electrical and functional levels), but I couldn't find much about the VESA Local Bus other than pinouts and minor discussions. VESA is an older graphics interface that was replaced by AGP many years ago. Typically used for network cards, USB cards, and sound cards. A device can just plug into this extra connector (without. Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) Replaced ISA and VESA bus standards. It saw limited use in 386 and 486 personal computers until the mid-1990s, when it was replaced by local buses such as the VESA bus and PCI. Such slots had a third connector beneath the 36-pin ISA connector (similar to a Vesa Local Bus connectors in 486 PCs); but the third connector. 0 Type-B connector commonly used with a printer, scanner, or other large device. 1,. Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) is a local computer bus for attaching hardware devices in a computer and is part of the PCI Local Bus standard. 3 8. Buses that have been replaced by newer types are considered legacy buses. 802. and so on could not keep up. Bus Interface ISA (Industry Standard Architecture) VESA local bus (Video Electronics Standards Association) PCI (peripheral component interconnect). Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) Each bus slot routes data through a point to point dedicated connection. Since. This expansion slot is developed by VESA which is the acronym for Video Electronics Standards Association. -replaced ISA and VESA bus standards. VLB B US Traditional IO buses such as ISA MCA our EISA buses are directly from COMPUTER S AY2017-T2 at University of the People. . v. each bus slot routes data through a point-to-point dedicated connection. PCI was developed to replace the obsolete ISA and VESA bus standards. 4/5. RG-59 D. VESA Standard Local Bus Mastering Slots Eight 16 bit ISA Slots Four 72-pin SIMM Sockets Supporting up to 256 MB Holes for Plastic Mounting or Screws. The AT bus is sometimes referred to as the ISA bus. " (VESA stands for "Video Electronics Standards Association"). An input Low is 0 to 0. ISA stands for Industry standard architecture. You should be to able to quickly see that the PCI technology surpasses the others. Requires a third connector (VESA connector) to be added behind the standard 16-bit ISA connector. It contains 32-bit address and data bus and is mainly used for video and disk interfaces. VESA VL-Bus Plug and Play Addendum (Dated:. Replaced ISA and VESA bus standards. PCI-X capabilities are added to the PCI bus and the ISA bus is replaced by a second PCI-X bus, on the PCI-ISA backplane. 16 and 32 bit versions. However the pin out table may be used for legacy computer systems. The ISA bus was too slow, and the solution was to develop new standards for I/O devices. 11. PCI video cards replaced ISA and VESA cards until growing bandwidth requirements outgrew the. The ISA Bus. The PCIe standard supports a data rate that is dramatically faster than AGP. 89 | al-Khwarizmi, Volume II, Edisi I, Maret 2014, Hal. 11. Video Electronics Standards Association Buses. The staying power of ISA proved problematic in some areas, and led to periods when alternate standards emerged. As IBM had patented the whole of the standards mechanical and electric, only this firm really used. Question #: 328. Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) Replaced ISA and VESA bus standards. See also PCI. PCI allowed dynamic connectivity between devices,. 4/5. The physical interface is not a problem with either ISA or. The VLB bus is obsolete and should not be used for new systems. PCI-X cards will often work in 3. PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) ISA (Instruction Set Architecture) is part of the abstract model that defines how the CPU is controlled by software. The theoretical transfer rate for the ISA bus is about 5 Mbits per second, and the EISA-Bus is about 32 Mbits per second. 2. Industry Standard Architecture One standard for IBM and compatible computers that specifies the architecture of the hardware. It can also rotate or mount a display in portrait mode and turn 90 degrees from side to side. PCI Express (PCIe) Typically used for network cards, USB cards, and sound cards. ) drag peripheral component interconnect (pci) pci express (pcie) agp amr drop the cpu and bus can process concurrently. • Program interface places on boards that connect to the ISA, VESA local, and PCI buses. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like The CPU and bus can process concurrently, Replaced ISA and VESA bus standards, Each bus slot routes data through a point to point dedicated connection and more. From the 486DX2-66 bus VLB or VESA Local bus appeared. When buying a PC, you could read in the technical data how many 8- and 16-bit ISA slots were available. 8-bit ISA bus ran at a modest 4. Number 1 is a USB 3. The Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) bus has served the test-and-measurement community well for 15 years—a long time in today’s quickly changing world of electronics. AMR - Data rates depend on the protocol version and. View Notes - Expansion Bus Types (PCI standards). Replaced ISA + VESA bus standards-CPU+PCI bus can process concurrently-supports plug and play-used by soundcards, modems, network cards, and storage device controllers-Runs at: 33 MHz +data transfer speed of 133mb/s or 66MHz +266mb/s data transfer The 16-bit ISA bus was also used with 32-bit processors for several years. Later models introduced VESA Local Bus and PCI. drag each bus type on the left to the appropriate characteristic on the right. pheral Component Interconnect (PCI) - Each bus slot routes data through a point-to-point dedicated connection. pci express. A local computer expansion slot for attaching hardware devices in a computer, which replaced the original ISA and VESA bus configuration. 486 VESA/ISA/PCI Chipset Preliminary V3. When the 80386DX was introduced in the mid-80s with its 32-bit data bus, IBM decided to create a bus to match this width. not compatible with ISA bus boards. A VESA card has an additional set of pins and it is longer than ISA or EISA bus. 3 MHz. Segments 4. The CPU and bus can process concurrently. MCA Micro Channel Architecture Designed by IBM to replace ISA in PS/2 system. Consequently, serious bottlenecks occur in modern microprocessor-based systems, operating at 66 MHz and faster, as applications using large files vie for the precious limited bandwidth offered by the ISA system bus. Expert Help. In the middle is a plain ISA SCSI card. VESA graphics card. Find out more about ISA bus architecture and standardization, as well as parallel buses like PCI and VME. 0: 250 MB/s (x1); 4 GB/s (x16) o. At the bottom is a VLB motherboard. and more. P EISA (Extended ISA) P VESA (Video Electronics Standards Association, VL Bus) P PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) P USB (Universal Serial Bus) P AGP (Advanced Graphics Port) ISA is the oldest of all these and today's comput ers still have a ISA bus interface in form of an ISA slot (connection) on the main board. (You can use a bus type more than once. It has influenced other bus designs and it is still in use in PS/2s and in some minicomputer systems. PCI Express (PCIe) Each bus slot routes data through a point-to-point dedicated connection. The XT bus used a 62 pin (. VESA was originally founded by NEC and is most known for the VL bus standard. The best known of these was the VESA Local Bus standard for high-end graphics cards, which offered the oomph that EISA cards lacked, but came saddled with significant technical problems. 2. VESA slots: VESA slots, or the Video Electronics Standards Association slots, were local bus modules meant for video devices. This is actually a group of graphics card and monitor. Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) Each bus slot routes data through a point to point dedicated connection. Most common application for EISA bus is as a disk controller or as a video graphics adapter. The CPU and bus can process concurrently. This one comprised maximum 3 connectors, adds on a bus ISA 16. Click the card to flip 👆. It lost in competition with the PCI expansion bus. The staying power of ISA proved problematic in some areas, and led to periods when alternate standards emerged. EISA can also accommodate a 16-bit ISA card in the first row. Compaq) and then the VESA Local Bus Standard, were late 1980s expansion buses that were tied but not exclusive to the 80386 and 80486 CPU bus. Study Chapter 3 Practice Questions Motherboard/Buses flashcards. This one comprised maximum 3 connectors, adds on a bus ISA 16 bits. The extended ISA (EISA) bus is a 32-bit bus that also supports 8- and 16-bit data transfer bus architectures. Termium Show algorithmically generated translations. VESA: The main objective of the VESA expansion slots is to maximize video operations according to the display standards and video bus that are established by them. PCI Express (PCIe) Typically used for network cards, USB cards, and sounds cards. ISA -> Industry Standard Architecture This was the first bus on the first PC in 1981. (You can use a bus type more than once. VESA (VL bus) is a 33MHz extension of the ISA bus used of high-speed data transfer applications. PCI Express (PCIe) A. IBM PS/ValuePoints were shipped in the following form factors: Space. Memory Chip Manufacturers. 168. ISA Bus. In reply to difference between ISA and Local Buss. VESA – Video Electronics. Bus Type Characteristics Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) PCI was developed to replace the obsolete Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) and (Video Electronic Standards Association) VESA bus standards. The CPU and bus can process concurrently. The PCI standard. PCI Express (PCIe) - A dedicated bus type used by dedicated video cards. Answer: Support Our Work. not compatible with ISA bus boards. 16 bit bus. The VLB slots are the top three. The RAM slot on the motherboard determines the RAM your computer can use. This is actually a group of graphics card and monitor manufacturers. VESA Local Bus worked alongside the ISA bus; it acted as a high-speed conduit for memory-mapped I/O and DMA, while the ISA bus. Huntsville, TX. ADVERTISEMENT. A bus is a data path that consists of parallel wires and connects the CPU, memory and other devices. References TestOut PC Pro - 3. not compatible with ISA bus boards. The ISA is longer (by about two inches), and thus the I/O cards that connect via ISA tend to be bulkier as well. It contains 32-bit address and data bus and is mainly used for video and disk interfaces. Intel launched their PCI bus chipsets along with the P5-based Pentium CPUs in 1993. Since then, the peripheral. Back to Top. Students also studiedCentral Processing Unit Memory Input/Output (I/O) Devices Disk Storage ProgramsStudy with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Peripheral Component Interconnect, PCI Extended (PCI-X), PCI Express and more. Serial buses use theNever widely adopted. (You can use a bus type more than once. The VESA Local bus was created to split the load and allow the ISA bus to handle interrupts and port I/O (input/output) and to work with Direct Memory Access (DMA) and. The (16 bit) ISA bus was basically just a (buffered) extension of the 80286 address/data bus. Isa / eisa connection to host: Isa personal computer system bus isa bus was the first standardized system bus, and over the years it served as standard in the pcs sphere. D. PCI: Is processor independent, meaning the CPU and PCI bus can process concurrently. It is different than the VL-Bus except that it runs at the same speed. PCI Express (PCIe) Typically used for network cards, USB cards, and sound cards. The PCIe standard supports a data rate that is dramatically faster than AGP. The VESA local bus was used on the following 486 models (40 and 50 MHz, respectively) and on the first Pentium processors, but it was quickly replaced. The PC/104 bus is an embedded bus that copies the ISA bus. Question: Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) Answer: Question: PCI Express (PCIe) Answer: Question: Legacy buses. 11n transmission. Sample translated sentence: ↔ . Typically used for network cards, USB cards, and sound cards. PCI Express (PCIe) A. 5/18/23, 11:14 PM TestOut LabSim The following are characteristics of the listed bus types: Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCl) e The CPU and bus can process concurrently. 0 or higher, Windows 3. 3855 SW 153rd Drive Beaverton, OR 97003 Phone: 503. 90°. 0 Type-A connector and is often used on wired mice and keyboards or for a USB memory stick. , Each bus slot routes data through a point-to-point dedicated connection. PCI and ISA are typically used for non-video expansion cards. The CPU and bus can process concurrently. 5 VESA local bus design. The EISA slots were backwards compatible so you could use an ISA adapter. July 11, 2023 Dwayne Morise. This presentation explains the major expansion buses used by the PC platform up until PCI Express between the years of 1981 to 2004:1) Introduction2-4) ISA (. A VESA card has an additional set of pins and it is longer than ISA or EISA bus. PCI Express (PCIe) Typically used for network cards, USB cards, and sound cards. Bus Comparisons. PCIe A high-speed serial computer expansion bus standard designed to replace the older PCI, PCI-X, and AGP bus standards. e Typically used for network cards, USB cards, and sound cards. Mar 29, 2012. The VL Bus provides 32-bit data path and can run at 25 or 33MHZ. PCI Express (PCIe) is a next generation I/O bus architecture. The ISA standard is based on PC/AT (16-bit / 8 MHz = 16 MB/s) – 1984 62 pins (8-bit PC ISA) or 98 pins (16-bit PC/AT ISA). For example, an ISA slot may be used to add a video card, a network card, or an extra serial port. +PCIe data rates depend on the protocol version and number of transmission lanes: o 1. Learn about ISA (Industry Standard Architecture) and its history. -Each bus slot routes data through a point. Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) Replaced ISA and VESA bus standards. EISA runs at 8-MHz clock speeds and has 32-bit address lines. MCA: IBM introduced the Micro Channel Architecture (MCA) in 1987. --Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI)-Each bus slot routes data through a point-to-point dedicated connection. The AT bus is sometimes referred to as the ISA bus. Also referred to as VESA. ) VESA Local Bus is mostly an extension of the 486 CPU Bus to an external connector. It contains 32-bit address and data bus and is mainly used for video and disk interfaces. Topic #: 1. Central Processing Unit Memory Input/Output (I/O) Devices Disk Storage Programs. Eventuall replaced the Duron models. 619. 4v, High is 2. VL-Bus is short for VESA local bus (VLB). physical memory area of up to 16MBytes. RAM Slots. local bus standards. It is desirable to have wide buses because large chunks of data can be transferred quickly when multiple lines can be used. (PCI) was developed to replace the obsolete ISA and VESA bus standards. 132-pin connector. (you can use a bus type more than once. Created by VESA, the VESA Local Bus worked alongside the then-dominant ISA bus to provide a standardized high-speed conduit intended primarily to accelerate video (graphics) operations. This article is provided by FOLDOC - Free Online Dictionary of Computing (foldoc. The EISA bus provided 32-bit slots at an 8. While some newer computers still have PCI and AGP slots, PCIe has basically replaced all the older technologies. The plan includes replacing more than 1,200 existing buses and adding another 350 over the next 10 years, with the goal of having an entire fleet of electric. The VESA Local bus was created to split the load and allow the ISA bus to handle interrupts and port I/O (input/output) and to work with Direct Memory Access (DMA) and. -The CPU and bus can process concurrently. 4v to Vcc. The ISA graphics card is an old graphics card that the most commonly used VGA monitor can support. VESA graphics card. Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) - Each bus slot routes data through a point-to-point dedicated connection. -The CPU and bus can process concurrently. 802. Its name is commonly abbreviated as "MCA", although not by IBM. These expansion boards are normally plugged into expansion slots on the motherboard. The ISA (industry standard architecture) bus operates at 8 MHz speed, and it is one of the oldest data buses. The replacement motherboard does not support external hard drives. PCI Express (PCIe) Typically used for network cards, USB cards, and sounds cards. The ISA bus is used in single-user systems with 80386 and 80486 processors. v. 4 GHZ with a maximum transmission rate of 600 Mbps . Local Bus Standards VESA VL Bus - (Video Electronics Standards Association. org) VL-bus(VESA Local-BUS) A peripheral bus from VESA that was. Expansion Bus Types PCI standards . Drag each bus type on the left to the appropriate characteristic on the right. VESA 16-bit 8-bitVESA (VL bus) is a 33MHz extension of the ISA bus used of high-speed data transfer applications. Create flashcards for FREE and quiz yourself with an interactive flipper. speed as Intel 8088. It does not suffer from limitations of the ISA bus. ) Characteristics:-> The CPU and bus can process concurrently. VESA is an acronym that stands for the Video Electronics Standards Association. the Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) bus. -The CPU and bus can process concurrently. It was designed to compete with IBM's Micro Channel architecture. Used mostly with AGP-compatible video cards. Over time, the PCI and AGP slots erased VESA interfaces from existence. Central Processing Unit . -Replaced ISA and VESA bus standards. On these systems, it is typical to use these slots for the Video Card and the Hard Drive interface card. PCI and ISA are typically used for non-video expansion cards. But whereas ISA had been quite robust -- limited to a maximum clock of 8. Card – Card Isa hingga Vl-Bus Gambar 6. VESA (VL bus) is a 33MHz extension of the ISA bus used of high-speed data transfer applications. 33 MHz cycle rate for use with 386DX or higher processors. VESA (Video Electronic Standards Association) extension during the reign of the 486. Lacked bandwidth for graphical user interfaces (MS Windows). Purpose of VESA Bus The. Packets 2. It was a big relief when Intel, in the late 1990’s, finally dropped the ISA bus and replaced it with the smart USB bus. 11 Expansion Cards [q_buses_02. Industry Standard Architecture Bus: An Industry Standard Architecture bus (ISA bus) is a computer bus that allows additional expansion cards to be connected to a computer's motherboard. A. up to 12 interrupt request (IRQ) channels. Log in Join. Some of the cons of using VESA are as follows. The VESA Local Bus (usually abbreviated to VL-Bus or VLB) is a short-lived expansion bus introduced during the i486 generation of x86 IBM-compatible personal computers. Enhanced bus standards that have been introduced in an attempt to replace ISA, such as Extended Industry. The signals on the bus support -. PCI Express (PCIe) A. It was announced in September 1988 by a. PCI • Normal PCs • Peak transfer rate of 133 MB/s • Normally 32 bit bus width • Could have 64 bit bus width • Full SIZE= Height of 107 mm (4. not compatible with ISA bus boards. Video Electronics Standard Adapters (VESA) bus i. PCI Express (PCIe) A. 1634 (1) This section applies to a commercial motor vehicle, other than a bus or 4-wheel drive vehicle, that. ISA bus is a parallel bus with a separate (not multiplexed) address and data signals. EISA Bus: A more successful alternative to the MCA bus is the Extended Industry Standard. Topics to discuss Bus Interface ISA VESA local PCI Plug and Play. Benefits of PCI. Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) is the 16-bit internal bus of IBM PC/AT and similar computers based on the Intel 80286 and its immediate successors during the 1980s. PCI Express (Peripheral Component Interconnect Express), officially abbreviated as PCIe or PCI-e [ 5] is a high-speed serial computer expansion bus, designed to replace the older PCI, PCI-X, and AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port) standards. Requires a third connector (VESA connector) to be added behind the standard 16-bit ISA connector. - It comprises of a various videos card and monitor manufacturers , they creates standards to define the resolution, number of colors, and other display properties.