Neutering urk. For dogs, the age at which to spay or neuter is based on breed, sex, and role (such as working dogs). Neutering urk

 
 For dogs, the age at which to spay or neuter is based on breed, sex, and role (such as working dogs)Neutering urk  These days we

vaccinations. The testosterone in a male cat controls their sexual behavior, which also encompasses behaviors such as roaming in search of females, aggression towards other males, and spraying (territory marking). Heavy breathing. 90 on average, followed by Wales at £52. If everything heals up nicely, it shouldn't take any longer than 1 to 3 days and if the vet has used traditional stitches, these would need to be removed around 10 days later. Spay: 0-10kg £223. In females, unwanted pregnancies will be prevented; from a health perspective, the procedure can eliminate certain types of tumours. Average neutering cost in the UK: £150 to £200 pounds. 6 million dogs in the UK 2 are neutered, defined as making an animal sterile. Neutering is a surgical operation performed by veterinarians to help de-sex a Labrador. First-time dog owners are likely to have many questions about spaying and neutering procedures, from the risks involved to how much they will cost. Enlarged prostate occurs in 80% of intact male dogs past the age of five. It also makes it less likely they will show aggression towards other dogs, whether on or off the lead. Find out more about kitten neutering in our guide or find a vet. 4. #4: Male dogs who are neutered are more likely to develop other orthopedic diseases. There are some potential exceptions to this, such as if your dog is spayed very late in the day and their recovery. This, like many other claims for the benefits of neutering, is a total fallacy. However, veterinarians are often confronted with conflicting findings and differences in concepts regarding practice and. Lethargy. For queens, this is at six to seven months old, although it can be done safely from the age of four months. , 1976) Neutering reduces roaming in 90 percent of males, according to Dr. In reality, castrated dogs have a 4 times greater risk of developing aggressive prostate cancer than intact animals. Spy Ninjas unite!Castration or neutering is one of the oldest and most common procedures carried out by veterinarians all over the world. Spaying a female dog and neutering or castrating a male dog are widely considered the best ways to control the pet population and can actually keep your dog healthier and help her live a longer, happier life. Con: Obesity. 2 Preparatory considerations Finding the right vet Key to any successful operation is finding either a general vet with plenty of experience in guinea pig neutering (generally for a rescue with a neutering policy) or an exotics vet with lots of practice in small furries operations. All operations carry some risk. S. The vast majority of bitches that are spayed will return home the same day, to continue their recovery at home. Spay surgery tends to be more expensive than castration as it is a more complex and invasive operation. Loss of appetite and. This is usually done with a small cut in the abdomen region, or via laparoscopy. The price of spaying and neutering tends to vary based on your cat’s gender—the procedure is more expensive for female cats—and your location. Neuter usually refers to the action of removing the sex organs from a male animal, while spay usually refers to the action of removing the sex organs from a female animal. You'll be able to mark your mistakes quite easily. Here are some answers to the most common questions that pet parents have about the spay and neutering process. However, this largely depends on your location and the consultations you have made with the local vets in the area. 90 on average, followed by Wales at £52. Unfortunately, most pet insurance policies don’t cover this procedure, and you’ll have to fund it yourself. If you own a Maine Coon, neutering is probably a step you have already been considering. Rebootkid. Benefits of this type of surgery include: Smaller wounds and a smaller chance of infection. They put the average cost of spaying a female dog between £130 and £365 and the cost of male dog castrations anywhere from £110 to £300. Breed type: The bigger the dog. In male dogs, this is known as castration and involves the testicles (testes) being removed. 4. Then the microchip was an extra £10 each. This is a difference of £35 between the two genders, and the reason is that females require more aftercare than males, as. This is also known as 'fixing', 'neutering' or 'being done'. Reducing Unwanted Behavior. An adult male dog or cat has no limit on how often it can mate. It appears that across-the-board recommendations for neutering all pet dogs do not appear to be professionally founded. Read our expert advice articles to find out more. In the UK it can cost between £100 and £250 to castrate a male dog and between £150 to £500 to spay a female. Read Neutering an XL Bully for when you must have your dog neutered. However, if your pet has any complications after. The cheapest area for neutering a male dog was the North of England, where it’s £175. PLOS. Now it appears the decision is not as clear cut as that; with various elements needing to be taken into consideration. Owner-reported data on the timing of the first oestrus, timing of neutering and the reasons given for neutering dogs by 12 and 15 months of age were. If you continue feeding your dog the same sort and amount of food after neutering, he could be at high risk of getting overweight and therefore developing joint diseases. The 12 Neutering and Spaying Statistics; Spaying And Neutering Dogs Statistics. An estimated 75% 1 of the 11. to remove the ovaries of a female animal: 3. 3 Many veterinary and dog welfare organisations advocate neutering to support humane dog population control, help to prevent zoonoses 4 and improve animal health, welfare and lifespan. A normal spay for their size (15kg) would have been around £300 at my normal vet, so there wasn't that much extra to pay. Spay-4-LA: FREE services for cats and dogs in zip codes 90003, 90011, 90018, 90037, 90044, 90047, 90062. However, as a rough guide, spaying a female cat ranges from £50 to £100. 1 For some vets, there may be a perception that undergoing routine. Neutering is the only effective way to reduce the number of accidental litters and unwanted cats being born in the UK. 2. There are no known benefits to allowing your dog or. Spaying and Castrating Dogs The Kinder Alternative OSS Ovary Sparing Spay and Vasectomy for Dogs Brief Overview: For the last 21 years I have had major concerns about the UK’s Spay and Castration (Neuter) program, In January 2001 I changed my initial pre behavioural appointment questionnaire and added one question. Neutering can help with the aggressive tendencies in your dog if their aggression is hormone-related. Population control. 03 for a medium dog and £323. Challenges arise around appropriate neutering age, individual clinical cases and sex of the dog (Diesel et al. Pros of Spaying or Neutering your Golden Retriever. By neutering your Maine Coon cat, you will decrease undesirable behaviors, as well as. I would recommend phoning the vets in your area and asking them what their. Keep in mind, if you have a male and female, only. In addition to the fact that a neutered male dog can not contribute to pregnancy and puppies, there are a number of other reasons why neutering is beneficial. She got a dachshund in 2010 and instantly fell in love with the breed. Neutering under the age of 12 months has higher odds of IVDD than neutering over the age of 1. Neutering female dogs confers a couple of important health benefits. Neutering a male dog also helps to prevent the onset of prostrate conditions which are common when unneutered. By regulating your dog's diet and caloric intake and ensuring regular – at least daily – exercise, you can prevent obesity in neutered or intact males. Tel: 01983 522511 (Tuesday to Friday 10am – 5pm and Saturday 10am to 4pm) or Email: [email protected] a private vet, you’re able to discuss the advantages and risks of the procedure, and they can also keep your cat overnight to observe it. The cheapest area for neutering a male dog was the North of England, where it’s £175. Diarrhoea. Both operations are carried out under general anaesthetic and are. For our UK visitors,. Increased risk of hemangiosarcoma and osteosarcoma. ”. Neutering is an important aspect of preventative healthcare that most owners will consider. Probably the most concerning finding is the suspected increased risk of certain cancers. It’s 47% more expensive to spay a female cat than to neuter a male. The cost of this will be more than the cost of ‘castrating’ male dogs. The male-specific term is castration, while spaying is usually reserved for female animals. When should my dog be. "Neutering practices for owned UK cats significantly influence feral, stray populations. spay definition: 1. Suprelorin could end up saving you money. 50 for a male weighing more than 50 kg. : to remove the sex organs from (an animal) She had her dog neutered by the veterinarian. In female cats this is called ‘spaying’ and for male cats, it’s called ‘castration’. Cat neutering can cost between £50-£100, but with potential surgery complications, the fee can spiral to be hundreds of pounds! Fees for a pet to be microchipped range. 27). Study offers some evidence-based information on breed-specific differences with vulnerability to neutering. We are working to clear up myths around spaying cats, spread the neutering message and make it easier for owners on benefits and low incomes to get their cats neutered. The Latin word “Neuter” is the origin of “neutering. Cost of spaying or neutering. Britannica Dictionary definition of NEUTER. Obesity can increase the risk of a number of diseases including joint problems in large breed dogs and breathing problems in flat-faced breeds. Spaying and neutering prevent unwanted litters, help protect against some serious health problems, and may reduce many of the behavioural problems associated with the mating instinct. Veterinary Practice 43. triples the risk of hypothyroidism. Alison Fleming is a creative entrepreneur and content creator from the UK. Cruciate repair – TTA procedure. 10 Although, neutering rates in the UK are high (92 per cent 11), neutering has to be carried out early enough to prevent accidental litters in order to be most effective. It does take a female longer to recover from a spay, generally 10 to 14 days before stitches are removed. Spaying or neutering is one of the most responsible ways dog owners can care for their pet. Join us on our journey while we improve our Spy Ninja skills & help us track down the Hacker. 5 years). microchipping. Previous studies have found that neutering or spaying female Golden Retrievers at any age increases the risk of one or more of the cancers from 5 percent to up to 15 percent. 10 Although, neutering rates in the UK are high (92 per cent 11), neutering has to be carried out early enough to prevent accidental litters in order to be most effective. Neutering your French Bulldog is a simple procedure that can be done by your veterinarian. In order to reduce the risk of cancer, females should therefore be spayed before they first come into heat. 5 stars out of 5 for overall performance. Bobby's TpT. tə r/ us / ˈnuː. These include: neutering. The Cost of Neutering a Guinea Pig can range from $40- $500 and the average would be about $120- $200. Our goal is to save YouTube by helping Chad Wild Clay & Vy Qwaint Defeat Project Zorgo. In males the operation involved is termed ‘castration’; in females it is called ‘spaying’. Spaying or neutering sterilizes a pet by removing reproductive organs – the testes in males and ovaries in. Neutering a dog is a surgical procedure that prevents the dog from being able to reproduce. In the case of feral and rescue kittens it may be necessary to neuter earlier due to the age. 00 Dog Neutering (Spay) Over 45kg £330. Too early to see the effects. 00. 04. A new mathematical model of UK cat populations suggests that neutering of cats that belong to people not only affects the population dynamics of owned cats, but also affects feral, stray, and. As such, neutering dogs and cats is the most common surgical procedure carried out by veterinarians in the UK [2]. Britain has one of the highest neutering rates […] Despite being routinely recommended by veterinarians, neutering of dogs and cats has both positive and negative impacts on animal welfare and is ethically problematic. For female ferrets, a lack of male attention (or an injection to simulate it) during their cycle can be fatal! Click here to read more. But make sure to double check; the cost to neuter a dog can vary so widely due to the following factors. 10 Although, neutering rates in the UK are high (92 per cent11), neutering has to be carried out early enough to prevent accidental litters in order to be most effective. Dog neutering is recommended between 9 - 12 months of age. Other reasons for neutering can include health or behavioural issues that the dog and owner are experiencing. RSPCA Walsall may be able to recommend who they use for. Benefits include reduced risk of certain cancers and behavioral issues, reduced chance of roaming and territorial behavior. However, there are pet wellness plans available to you which are also known as preventative care plans, that may provide some reimbursement for spaying and neutering. This spray kills adult fleas on contact and prevents eggs and larvae from growing into adults. A 10-year study by researchers at the University of California, Davis examined 35 dog breeds and found breed differences in vulnerability to neutering, with regard to joint disorders and cancers. In male dogs, these health risks to neutering almost certainly outweigh any health benefits. The night Harley came home from her spay she jumped on the bed when I turned my back. Rabbit / small mammal castrate or spay. It’s important to let her rest, keeping her still will be essential for an uneventful recovery. On average it costs £235. People sometimes use the term to refer only to male animals, but this is incorrect. For females the procedure means the removal of their ovaries and sometimes uterus, and is called ‘spaying’. Spay/neuter before 5 ½ months of age is associated with a 70% increased aged-adjusted risk of hip dysplasia compared to dogs spayed/neutered after 5 ½ months of age, though there were some indications that the former may have had a lower severity. Neutering is an essential part of responsible pet ownership. 1. For dogs, the age at which to spay or neuter is based on breed, sex, and role (such as working dogs). We recommend that pet cats are neutered from 16 weeks. Phone Number: 01367 820820. Often, the spay and neuter take place at a very young age for pets, at four to six months. Getting your female cat spayed. For example, in St. Our 2018 Health Survey also found the same association between early neutering and increased IVDD risk. According to the dog's charity Blue Cross, the cost of spaying/neutering your dog ranges between £110 - £365 and cat charity Cat's Protection says that the average cost of neutering your cat varies from around £40 - £100. Generally, vets will suggest you rest your dog for as long as you can. Neutering can dramatically reduce the urge to roam and escape in male dogs. In male dogs, these health risks to neutering almost certainly. Increased risk for obesity. All surgical procedures involve a degree of discomfort, but neutering is carried out under a full general anaesthetic and animals are given drugs to control any discomfort afterwards. However, in a UK-based study published in 2013, while perioperative analgesia was widely used in both dogs and cats, only 33% of cats received post-operative analgesia following neutering compared with 75% of dogs, and neutering was considered more painful in dogs than in cats. Average neutering cost in the US: $125 to $175 dollars. The UK is reported to have the highest worldwide neutering rate (Heimendahl, 2010), with the 2021 PAW Report informing that 71 percent of the canine population has been neutered, despite this decreasing from 81 percent in 2017. 03 to castrate a small dog, £277. 0001. References. Neutering large breed dogs before bone growth is complete has been. Castration in male dogs is usually undertaken. Yes, female cats can and will start spraying, just like the males do if you were to ever bring another cat around, or a new person, anything that would make her territory feel threatened. Neutering Standard Price Dog Neutering (Spay) £190. Keyhole surgery can also be used in a number of other surgeries and in cancer and. Learn more. t̬ɚ / to remove part of an animal's sexual organs, so that it cannot produce young animals: Has your dog been neutered? to take the power away. To investigate association between neutering and early-onset urinary incontinence in bitches under primary veterinary care in the UK. Neutering also prevents the perpetuation of genetic defects. We use gold standard anaesthetics as in the UK. Owners usually do the neutering of a guinea pig to help prevent their pets. As such, neutering dogs and cats is the most common surgical procedure carried out by veterinarians in the UK. The reasons for this are that the surgery for a female takes longer, it’s more intrusive, and there is more aftercare required. The vast majority of bitches that are spayed will return home the same day, to continue their recovery at home. Neutering is not the answer to all dog’s problems In many cases it is the cause. The nationwide average cost to neuter (castrate) a male cat is £76. Male Neutering Implant: One of the more common alternatives to surgery is a neutering implant for male dogs and cats. Neutering can help with the aggressive tendencies in your dog if their aggression is hormone-related. Typically neutering a male can vary from £40-£80. You can take your cat to a low-cost clinic, where the price to neuter a cat is considerably lower than private ones. Neutering/castration prevents this. In some dogs, this hormonal imbalance creates health problems, such as cancer and joint disorders. Often, cats are neutered too late in life which unfortunately contributes to the number of unwanted cats in the UK. Bwuaaa. 3 million annually in the US and 47,500 in the UK). 5. 6. Available for both RF and RM licensing. 50 at a practice in the South West. Gcat • 13 yr. Cat castrate / cat spay. Surgical neutering of dogs is common, however the average age that dogs reach sexual maturity, are neutered, and dog owners’ attitudes to neutering in the UK and the Republic of Ireland have not been explored in a longitudinal study. To find out more on neutering, speak with your registered vet. Neutering helps reduce the population of abandoned dogs and the passing on of genetic defects. Conclusions Regarding Age To Spay or Neuter for Medical Reasons. Comes from Assisting Decision-Making on Age of Neutering for 35 Breeds of Dogs: Associated Joint Disorders, Cancers, and Urinary Incontinence (Hart et al, 2020) 376 Jack Russell Terriers were monitored over the course of 15 years to collect this data. What is Cat Neutering? Neutering a cat puts an end to the animal’s reproductive capabilities via surgery. We compare this theory-driven approach with. One of the biggest reasons for getting your cat neutered or spayed is to control hormone-driven behavior. The specific procedure for male dogs is known as castration, which involves the surgical removal of the testicles via an incision near the scrotum. 8 (214)Whether male or female, you can get your cat sterilised around puberty. Neutering is a common elective procedure frequently undertaken by veterinary surgeons in general practice in the UK. Trupanion earned 4. Here’s a full breakdown of the average cost of neutering by region. 00: Rabbit spay: £175. 25 $13. At the end of the mixed-intervention phase, the overall neutering percentages in group 1 and group 2 were 19% and 80%, respectively. The average, nationwide cost to neuter a male is £221. Introduction. Come and gain surgical neutering experience as part of your Extra Mural Studies. The average cost for these booster jabs – including the one for FeLV – is £49. The Mayhew Animal Home Trenmar Gardens London NW10 6BJ Furry Friends Animal Rescue Tel: 020 8407 1080/0797 356 9371 Email: [email protected] Hope Rescue [email protected] of Neutering a Cat. She may cry or moan a little, and might just feel like sleeping. This is a principle that should be mirrored in the laws and regulations on neutering in dogs and in small animal clinical practice. The costs of neutering and microchipping are variable depending on geography and vet prices in your area. £95 / £175. It is also the only certain way to prevent breeding, with alternatives such as containment and cat separation within the household oftenEarly spaying causes the leg bones to grow unevenly. Spaying or neutering is one of the most responsible ways dog owners can care for their pet. Reduced post-operative pain. : to remove the sex organs from (an animal) She had her dog neutered by the veterinarian. Siphon Feed Spray Gun. S1 for the detailed spatial study design). The proper male-specific term is “castration” or “orchiectomy. Once the dog is fully awake, able to stand and shows willingness to eat, they will likely be ready to be discharged. Pros of Prong. 9b. 00 Cat Neutering (Castrate) £48. In recent years there has been a developing trend towards early neutering, from as early as eight weeks of age: this has been seen in countries. Neutering a German Shepherd involves a. You will be required to provide the remainder of the payment directly to your vet. INTRODUCTION. 10b. Personal vet costs for neutering range between $200 and $400. Mar 9, 2016. Typically, male castration will cost between £110-£350 in the UK, depending on the location of the practice and the size of your dog. Neutering & Dentistry *. On the other hand, spaying a female cat costs about £110 on average. A standard neutering procedure involves removing the ovaries and uterus completely in bitches, or the testicles in male dogs. However, nowadays, “neutering” is most commonly used to refer to male sterilization, typically in domesticated pets like cats and dogs. This has previously been described as a cat crisis, 9 and neutering is an integral solution with an estimated 80 per cent of owned cat litters accidental. #3: Early neutering of male dogs increases the risk of developing bone cancer. Group 2 (n = 15) represents the highest neutering intensity and consists of the statistical areas with neutering percentage at the highest quartile (see SI Appendix, Fig. If you’re trying to decide whether to get your dog ‘done’, it’s worth looking at the arguments for it, against it, and then looking at the procedure. Keyhole surgery can also be used in a number of other surgeries and in cancer and. Region. In the US, 85% of dogs have been spayed or neutered; 2. (and a little annoying) It doesn't get better. If you are in the UK and receive benefits such as Universal Credit, you are entitled to free or. January 31, 2022. Urinary incontinence was 0% in spayed females. It’s completely normal for your dog to be quieter than normal when she returns home after her spay. By having your dog or cat sterilised, you do your part to prevent the birth of unwanted puppies and kittens. Spaying and neutering pets to reduce pet overpopulation is standard veterinary practice, and usually involves removal of the sex organs to sterilize the animal. 40 fee for. Perform back to back spays and castrates, as well as other surgical procedures. Neutering is a common elective procedure frequently undertaken by veterinary surgeons in general practice in the UK. Globally, the approach to neutering of dogs varies considerably. In the UK there’s a really interesting debate at the moment in the veterinary community as we’re looking at the pros and cons, and re-evaluating a lot of the older evidence. 6 million dogs in the UK 2 are neutered, defined as making an animal sterile. Castration: 0-10kg £188. INTRODUCTION. The most common methods for sterilizing female and male dogs are ovariohysterectomy (spay; which removes both the ovaries and the uterus) and. Basic treatments. Neutering is a surgical procedure to prevent your cat from reproducing. One of the disadvantages of neutering is that the metabolism can decrease. It’s a simple surgical procedure, which is normally done in a. Teske E1, Naan EC, van Dijk EM, Van Garderen E, Schalken JA. State voucher. Neutering should always be performed with adequate anaesthesia, and pain relief should be given to an animal pre- and post-operatively. We now recognise that while it can. Unneutered males occasionally develop cancer in their testes and prostate gland. Belfast: Cat Support Group. • 7 yr. prevent accidental litters in order t o be most effective. Unneutered males occasionally develop cancer in their testes and prostate gland. 00: Bitch spay (over 25kg) £395. This happens very quickly depending on breed, time of year born and individual development. Waiting for skeletal maturity sets up new age recommendations for neutering: Small breed dogs: after 12 months of age. What Does Neutering Mean? Neutering an animal is defined as the removal of sexual organs to render the animal incapable of reproducing. 00 Cat Neutering (Castrate) £48. Neutering is a surgical term used to describe the procedure that prevents pets from reproducing. Find out if RSPCA services are offered in your area. Watch this space, though, because we’ve got a whole series of blogs on the pros and cons (yes, really!) of neutering coming up next month. With reduced sex hormones, dogs are far less interested in females that are in heat. Project Summary: How Spaying and Neutering Affect Health. Whilst the recovery time varies between individuals, usually animals are bright and well the day after surgery and can return to. The results of our DachsLife 2015 survey showed that the odds of a neutered Dachshund suffering IVDD over the age of 3 is nearly double (1. Neutering is one of the most common routine operations carried out in UK veterinary clinics. Extra suture material is also likely to be required. When considering whether to neuter your dog, talk with your veterinarian. Neutered and spayed dogs had five times higher incidence of other types of cancer, regardless of age of neutering. There are several pros and cons to consider when deciding whether to neuter a male dog. Early spaying triples the risk of bone cancer, a deadly cancer that mostly occurs in large and giant dogs. In the UK, it is currently recommended that owned cats be neutered from four months of age. 55. To make matters worse, many vets prefer to keep them overnight post-surgery. We examined attitudes of a sample of the UK public towards routine neutering of dogs and cats using a questionnaire. " ScienceDaily. The remainder of the cost is settled with Dogs Trust through the vet. Neutering is a routine procedure which all of our Vets4Pets practices perform, and our vets will discuss the most appropriate neutering timescale and approach for your. Despite these benefits, around 12% of pet cats in the UK – over. In May 2022, we checked the price of neutering and spaying dogs with 51 vets around the UK. For male dogs, women still gave this reason the highest score, but men had a stronger agreement with the reason ‘to prevent passing unwanted genetic traits to the. The neutering prices* are inclusive of the operation, 2 x post-operative checks and a buster collar. Email or call 818-524-2287. Neutering is less invasive and a shorter procedure than spaying, and therefore less expensive. Find out if RSPCA services are offered in your area. In recent years, "desexing" - spaying and neutering - has become the obvious and natural choice for most pet owners. Castration or neutering is one of the oldest and most common procedures carried out by veterinarians all over the world. Your vet can implant this under your dog’s skin in a process similar to microchipping. 67) and the South West was the cheapest (£58. Neutering is a surgical procedure performed under general anaesthesia to remove part or all of an animal’s reproductive organs, preventing them. On average it costs £235. See full list on bluecross. Canine birth control method 2 - spay your bitch. Unlike the ovarian and uterine structures, which are located in the abdomen, the testicles in male dogs are located outside, within the scrotum. 91 for a large dog. In fact, cancer of the womb can occur in up to 60% of un-neutered female rabbits over the age of 3. 03 to castrate a small dog, £277. to remove part of an animal's sexual organs, so that it cannot…. CATS AND CAT CARE - 1940s - 1960s: NEUTERING & POPULATION CONTROL. The cost to neuter a dog depends on many different factors, including where you live, what vet clinic you use, the size of your dog, and whether your dog is male or female. 4. 3 reasons why your cat is aggressive after being neutered: An aggressive/crazy-looking cat in a tree looking down. Although, neutering rates in the UK ar e high (92 per . An estimated 75% 1 of the 11. Paediatric Neutering: This type of neutering is probably the worst procedure for any animal or human. When in season, unneutered cats will have much more physical strain put on their bodies than neutered cats. This long-term pain medication should last for about 12-24 hours. Neutering is a surgical procedure to prevent your cat from reproducing. Strictly speaking, the term “neutering” refers to both male and female sterilization. And over the years, neutering has advanced. It costs more to spay a female dog than to castrate a male. Neutered and spayed dogs had 4. This is because the surgery is more complicated in. 26kg+ £258. Break 'neutering' down into sounds: [NYOO] + [TUHR] + [ING] - say it out loud and exaggerate the sounds until you can consistently produce them. Rescue centre’s that have said they support early spaying and neutering of young pups. Neuter usually refers to the action of removing the sex organs from a male animal, while spay usually refers to the action of removing the sex organs from a female animal.