Baccarat game strategy. Though it has the highest rate of the three payouts, it’s rare for a baccarat game strategy to include it as an option. Baccarat game strategy

 
 Though it has the highest rate of the three payouts, it’s rare for a baccarat game strategy to include it as an optionBaccarat game strategy  101) noted, the starting-point for his investigation of strategic games was the analysis of baccarat by

In punto banco it appears to pass from player to player but is actually held by the house. 2. Tri-Power Baccarat is a Fast Winning, High Performance Baccarat Strategy That Turns the Game of Baccarat Into a Quick and Reliably Source of Cash! Trace Cooper, an aeronautical consultant, discovered how to use the “Power of Three” to turn the game of baccarat into your own personal ATM!Casinoroom. 5. Clever players bet on the banker - Best way to play Baccarat. A 20% Peek Fee is taken for Banker and Player bets. As is the case with the games at BetAmerica Casino, most online baccarat tables keep a visual record of previous table. Baccarat is usually played with a six-deck shoe or an eight-deck shoe. The first two offer a decent payout, while the. This is a card strategy game and a participant can location 3 bets. A big part of your success will be your strategy, and having a solid Baccarat attack strategy will certainly contribute to your gambling. They will then burn that number of cards face down. Today, modern casinos offer it to all players without exception. Only two or three cards can be used. In a single-deck game especially, the. Strategy #4: Baccarat betting strategy . The number of decks significantly changes the odds. The rules of baccarat game are strict and do not allow players to choose much options. For example, the house edge on the tie. The rules of this game are quite clear and easy to learn. by Tanya Fields. The board game has become a favourite among experienced and beginner players. The player can bet in defense when he or she wants to minimize their losses and play it safe. Martingale Baccarat Strategy. For cards 2-9, the numbers equal their value. io: Best VIP Crypto Casino Program. 3 FREE Sweepstakes Coins. Best Baccarat Strategies That Work In 2023. All rules are summarized. As cards are exposed, add the following values according to each card seen. Introduction: How The Game Works. On that note, tie bets are best avoided. 95% of face value, assuming you wouldn’t have bet otherwise. Melbet Casino Read Review. Rules & Strategy Baccarat Set apart from the rest of the casino floor, baccarat has long cultivated an aura of sophistication, almost as if the game is out of reach to all but the wealthiest casino patron. Baccarat Odds. The dealer’s hand is completed last, similar to blackjack. With the Martingale method, you double your bet after each loss and return to the original one with a win. This can influence the way you. One can say Baccarat rules and strategy go hand in hand. Bonus. Get up to 367,000 Gold Coins + 32. New players can take advantage of their generous welcome bonus, as well as exclusive promotions. If you exclude the chance of a tie, the banker has 51%. The three bets in Baccarat are the Banker’s bet, the Player’s Bet, and the Tie bet. A Banker bet has just under 46% chance of losing. From a mathematical point of view, the games of chance are experiments generating various types of aleatory events, and it is possible to calculate by using the properties of probability on a finite space of possibilities. These tips are for baccarat players that are trying to use a strategy to increase their odds of winning, and they apply specifically to the game as played in an online casino, rather than the real life game. com do offer a 9 to 1 payout for successful tie bets in some of their baccarat titles, decreasing the house edge to 4. This does not mean that the baccarat strategies are not useful, but that they are not 100% guaranteed, precisely because baccarat is a game of chance. The 1-3-2-4 Baccarat Betting Strategy. 101) noted, the starting-point for his investigation of strategic games was the analysis of baccarat by. When it comes to baccarat, you have the option to bet in favor of the dealer or the player. There are no actual 50/50 chances in casino games (for example, the Zero in Roulette means that even Red / Black isn't quite 50/50) but some. 🎁🎁 Claim Your Welcome Bonus: At Better Bets, we have tested dozens of online casinos for: ️Generous welcome bonuses ️Fast payouts ️Hi. Overall, this revolves around the comparison between the player and banker bets and what factors can make one better than the other. In basic baccarat the house is the bank. Luck doesn’t have anything to do with it. And therefore, some baccarat players continue to look for different ways to beat the game. 13 Effective Baccarat Strategy & Tips to Win the Baccarat Game #1 Choose a Baccarat Game with Few Decks. the banker bet strategy; baccarat betting tips. The guide covers basic betting, baccarat bets to avoid, popular wagering systems, and much more. 3. Apple Pay. The banker bet is the only established bet that changes in EZ Baccarat. 06 percent for the banker, and 1. There are two playing positions – Player and Banker. 29%. Roulette runs on a pretty simple game strategy. Baccarat Online Basics. Evolution baccarat games, for example, lets you bet. In reality, baccarat may be the ideal game for the less affluent, more frugal player—the house edge for Baccarat is a game of chance that has been around for centuries. Play. Baccarat tables are very popular worldwide, both in land-based casinos and online casinos. It is a popular game, and knowing about it in detail, along with the baccarat martingale strategy and other information enhances the gaming experience. Baccarat roads are simply a way of spotting trends in the results of each round. This is also one of the most. H: HitGraphics: 256MB DirectX 9 or higher. Comparing the Top 5 Best Sites to Play Baccarat. However, some argue that baccarat is an older game that dates back to the 15th century in France. Baccarat is one of the most popular card games both in real casinos and on online platforms. Baccarat probabilities plainly show that Banker bets. Game are two online gambling sites that offer mini baccarat and much more. In Caribbean stud poker, for example, the house edge is 5. Keywords: baccarat chemin de fer, noncooperative game, pure strategy, best response. That makes Baccarat a good candidate for a betting strategy, and there are many to choose from. 8%, compared to just 44. The cards are shuffled (often by a machine), and a cut-card is placed in front of the seventh from last card. Written by: Michael Shackleford. Bovada Casino provides players with a couple of baccarat games, plus live dealer options. It's easy to learn and play a baccarat game. 32% of the time. It’s played between the player and the banker (dealer) and the goal of the game is to predict the winning hand. Follow my advice: if you want to win money at Baccarat, avoid the tie bets at all costs. Gameplay. This book contains 17 chapters in all, meaning it’s a detailed look at baccarat from every angle. Big Eye Boy is all about chaos and predictability. Real Baccarat with Sarati by Real Dealer Studios. Ann R. However, you can develop substantial winnings using just the Basic Betting Method. Baccarat is a game of guessing played on a table with several decks of cards drawn from a shoe. Consider practicing first - Try free baccarat games before you start using real money casinos, especially if you’re playing an unfamiliar variation of the game like 3-card baccarat or. Beware the Banker’s Cut! When you learn baccarat rules you will know it’s normal for the casino sites to take a cut of the proceedings during a game where you bet on the banker to win. 06 percent of house advantage to compensate for before you have a winning Baccarat system. The tie bet has a house edge of 14. Comparing the Top 5 Best Sites to Play. Baccarat can be played with just 1 player or all the way up to 14 players. Baccarat. Anytime you use math to compare gambling games or wager opportunities, the best way to compare them is using two percentages. Some pay tables, which are slightly in the machine's favor, can return over 100%, if you factor in incentives such as cash back, free play, mailers, and other comps. Enjoy the videos and music you love, upload original content, and share it all with friends, family, and the world on YouTube. From there, the cards are given the value of their number. Gambling Expert | Fact Checked by Sam Barnard Last updated: 11 October, 2023 Disclosure Welcome to the complete guide on how to play baccarat and win. That being said, you can bear the following tips in mind when you take a seat at the online baccarat table: House edge (also known as house advantage) is worth considering in baccarat (1. avoid the tie bet; learn money management; forget a win formula — enjoy the game; there are no such thing as cycles, join whenever you want; baccarat variants. That has a probability of winning of 49. That. Place a bet: bets are placed before the cards are dealt. A basic baccarat strategy involves betting $5 per unit, and doubling your bets after you win. 1 – Don’t look for patterns. Pros and Cons of Baccarat. We put together this Baccarat strategy guide that can help grow your bankroll, raise your. 24% (6-Deck). There is a basic strategy you should employ as well as an advanced one and learning how to play baccarat at online casinos will help to ease the learning curve. Not only does it lack such additional features like the Squeeze option but it’s times faster than the other versions, with dealers often handling 150 – 200 decisions. Baccarat Attack Strategy Players who love Baccarat often use an attack strategy based on the methods of Greg Fletcher, who wrote the book “Attack, Retrench,. 4% the odds aren’t exactly in your favour. The Golden Eagle Baccarat Strategy can be played in two different ways. So how exactly does the 1-3-2-4 betting strategy work?Free Baccarat Strategy to Understand How to Win at Baccarat with a high winrate up to 99. We can use $5, $10, $15 as an example. It shows the probability of winning exactly 0 to 20 bets in a row, according to the bet. These tips are for baccarat players that are trying to use a strategy to increase their odds of winning, and they apply specifically to the game as played in an online casino, rather than the real life game. A bet in the 'Tie' area of the table is almost always a lost one. Learn All About Baccarat Strategy. It is a simple and popular game of chance and strategy. 7 Baccarat Strategy Tips. Baccarat is a game of luck, and there is no strategy involved. 30%. Get It Game review. What is more, baccarat is a casino game with a relatively low, player-friendly house edge. On a regular baccarat table, house odds range from 1. Bac Bo is a new live dealer table game created by Evolution. The rules of the game are such that Banco wins most often. Baccarat - Tips and Tricks. 63%. To use this calculator put in any deck composition in the table below. Baccarat is a game that has been around for quite a while, so it should come as no surprise that there are multiple strategies available for it. The cutoff to the clashing baccarat framework is that it doesn’t ensure advantage and a house edge. With a score of 9 points, a hand almost always wins, with a 0, on the other hand, a hand almost always. Basic Strategy Tips. 53% accompanied by a tempting 8 to 1 payout. Baccarat is a game of guessing played on a table with several decks of cards drawn from a shoe. 6 % of the hands are going to be tie. Whether you're a baccarat beginner trying to understand the basics or an experienced master of the game trying to test out your latest strategy. Baccarat is a banking game, similar to Blackjack. The 1-3-2-6 System. The options include card counting and betting aspects such as the Martingale system, the Paroli one, the 1-3-2-4 system, and others. Learn All About Baccarat Strategy. It is a comparing card game played between two hands, the "player" and the "banker". The goal of the game is to reach a 9, or as close as possible. Learn All About Baccarat Strategy. 132), we find, “As Borel (1924, p. The triple-zero roulette wheel is seen more in more casino and our 888casino expert breaks down the ins and outs of this option. Now that you know what the baccarat dragon bonus bet is, and the best baccarat dragon bonus strategy to play, you are ready to take a seat at the table and start winning! We love Wild Casino as the best online casino to play baccarat at. It’s best suited for conservative baccarat players on low-medium budgets seeking to keep their losses to a minimum while profiting from a winning streak. Read on to learn all about the game’s features, to try a demo version for free, and to learn where to play for real. e. Both Modes 1 and 2 bet opposite the previous outcome. . I usually do a positive progression system that involves increasing. Cards 2 to 9 hold their value. The “80-20” System Betting Strategy 40 Sample Games Using the Complete “80-20” System 46 Money Management Rules for the “80-20” System 50 How to Play Roulette 57. Downtown and Las Vegas Strip casinos often have high minimum bets for it. 95:1 payout, it's given a 1:1 payout instead. Players who are planning to play baccarat for the first time should first learn the rules and get a deep understanding of the game. Always play within your budget. The dragon bonus in baccarat is a side bet you can make on the gap between the hands. Baccarat in short. Use the Martingale strategy. 06%, making it the best bet in the game. The game is played on a five-reel, three-row, 20-payline grid, and it possesses an average return to player of 96. But let’s take one bite at a time. It's a negative progression system that is easy to understand and play. Some players will also use baccarat roads as part of their strategy to try to extrapolate what will. 1 Introduction In The History of Game Theory, Volume I: From the Beginnings to 1945 (Di-mand and Dimand, 1996, p. It’s rare because it only happens when the banker and player have the same hand value with the third card(s) included. It divides the betting session into a series of cycles and the aim is to make 1 unit of profit per cycle. Minimum bet for Las Vegas baccarat. The Golden Eagle Roulette Strategy has a low buy-in of 8 units and a bankroll of 64 units. BetMGM: Best casino for baccarat online. Nov 17 2023. Baccarat in Macau comes in three major variations: baccarat banque, chemin-de-fer (as played by James Bond in “Dr. Between four and eight multiplier cards are chosen for each game. XXXtreme Lightning Baccarat uses eight decks of 52 playing cards. The game is easy to learn, but hard to master. You might be pleased to know that baccarat has one of the lowest house edges of any casino game. On average, bets on the Bank will win 45. They apply in particular to gamblers using a strategy or system, more so than to general baccarat play. Baccarat game, Baccarat Game Strategies. Watch on. It’s a fusion of Baccarat and Sic Bo, giving us the name Bac Bo. Online casinos typically can offer better. 1 – Understand How Commission Works. HH (Player = 0,9, Banker = 8,6), with a 28. But most people will be aware that the banker wins, the player is there to keep things consistent, and the tie is basically a push bet. Betting on the banker every time is the best strategy in baccarat because statistically the banker wins the most hands. Almost all Baccarat games use an eight-deck shoe, and at the beginning of this shoe, the best wager available is on the banker bet. Practice makes perfect - As with anything, it takes time to learn and implement a strategy confidently so take your time and practice. Use the composition for. Poker. Baccarat is one of the most popular table games in Asia, and is today enjoyed by Indian players at online live casinos, as well as at brick-and-mortar casinos in Goa and Sikkim. Las Atlantis – Best overall online. The Dragon Side Bet for EZ Baccarat is simple to describe. This baccarat is played with six decks of 52 cards stored in the set of cards. 249. The value of a Match Play on the Player bet is 47. Some firmly believe baccarat is a game of skill based on logical rules and that this characteristic allows players to implement successful betting systems. But there are two other things you can do to help offset your losses. The game's rules and baccarat winning strategy are straightforward and simple to understand. The average baccarat player is at less of a disadvantage than average blackjack or video poker players. How to Play Baccarat Gambling author, Steve Bourie, explains how to play and how to win at baccarat. There are two viewpoints from which to view the game. Strategy for Winning at Mini Baccarat Mini Baccarat is a very fast-paced game, with cards drawn face-up. Baccarat, often a favorite game of high rollers, is now accessible to everyone with free online versions available at the click of a button. The first step to this strategy is creating a sequence. Two cards are dealt to the player, two to the banker, all face up. Macau Gamblers Play Punto Banco. Specifically with the odds being 1. This strategy is beneficial when you win, but it’s not optimal when you’re losing. Baccarat game is quite easy to beat Though, you should have a proven strategy to beat the online casino company. Baccarat is the world's biggest casino game by the sheer amount won. It offers a less house advantage in any casino game, making it a desirable bet for players. 24% of the player’s bet). 1. The multiplier cards are selected from a virtual 52-deck of cards. For reference, the bankers cut is typically in and around 5%. 9. Modeling, Simulation, and Analysis of Baccarat: A Critical View of Card Counting, Odds, and Bets By Charles Madewell Brian M. You will lose. Like black or red in roulette, Baccarat is a game of ‘even money’ betting, so you are essentially flipping coins. Step 2: Understanding the Opposite Bet Strategy. Therefore, if you’re winning, you should. Baccarat Betting Systems. You can choose any amount you wish, although it is recommended that you go for the table minimum. This means that of the rounds that are not tied, the banker wins and the player wins 49. Baccarat is a betting game best played using a strategy. The Basic Betting Method is only one part of the complete Automatic Craps Strategy. Certainly, you're seeking a winning strategy to play baccarat like a high roller. While the basic rules of Baccarat are simple, some bets are more likely to pay off than others. Regardless of whether you are a beginner or a seasoned player – Baccarat online is a perfect opportunity to polish your skill. If a hand contained a seven and eight card that makes 15. Some people don’t wish to place banker’s bets. Topics covered include: the rules of the game, the bets that can be made; the. We want casinos to lose and players to win. The Baccarat card game is a very popular one at many casinos across the world, particularly in the United States, the United Kingdom, Macau, Hong Kong, and Italy. The best-paying bet is the one with the lowest odds of winning. Just like over 20,000 players who play on CasinoRoom. Payout: 1/1. Baccarat will always have odds in favor of the house. There are several Baccarat strategies available. 50%. Baccarat depends upon two principal bets: banker or player - Banco plus Standoff. The Baccarat Martingale. . Players bet on the “Player” or “Banker” hands, aiming for a total value closest to 9. 8 percent of the time and player wagers will win 44. It is the most popular table game in the United States, and is easily found in casinos throughout the world. A couple of systems can assist you with getting your betting games, notwithstanding; all things considered there a couple of cutoff places. One of the big pluses of Wild Casino is that you can high roll. All you need to do is choose a hand you think may win by betting on the player, the banker, or the hands ending in a tie. Real Baccarat with Sarati Simulator. In contrast, blackjack and poker can be played for much lower stakes. Baccarat Strategies Guides The Top 10 Strategies for Playing and Winning Baccarat Discover all of the top strategies and play styles for playing and winning table. 6-7 – The player stands. This isn’t a bad risk, and if it weren’t for the low risk on the banker wager the player wager would be one of the best in the casino. The 2 through 9 pip cards are valued by their pip denomination. Video poker is an exception to that rule. Baccarat — Combinations by Player total, Banker total, and number of cards in each hand. Cards 2 to 9 hold their value. You just saw that the banker and player wagers were close, with the banker being slightly better. In contrast, blackjack and poker require skill and strategy to win. He certainly has many doubters, but he also has some receipts to back it up. The rules of the game of Baccarat are quite clear and easy to learn. NOTE: If you are running Internet Explorer 9 (which comes with Windows 7) and the game you want to play keeps. The Master Bet Controller 149Casino Games. And if you have one of these percentages, you can quickly get the other. For example, if the first card dealt is a 6, then the Banker count is -1132, the Player count is 1128, and the Tie count is -11595. Your Baccarat game winning strategy could be anything; always explore all the strategies in the demo mode. However the ratio of average money lost to average money wagered in Caribbean stud is only 2. However, this value calculated above is an Overall Game Pace calculated over a long period with a large sample of data. Have the best possible chances of reducing the casinos house edge; meaning you have a strong likelihood of winning. 94 percent initially, and this means you have a 1. com every day, now you can have instant access to these games right here! Our casino games are available to play from anywhere, as long as you’re connected to the internet. Keen casino goers who love to play a little baccarat are always looking for the next baccarat playing strategy to give them an edge at the card tables. Martingale will never work as I’ve seen runs of 15+ banker/player wins in a row. Entertainment Leisure Card Games Casino How to Play Baccarat By: John Grochowski | Updated: Feb 17, 2021 Derived from the European games of chemin de fer and punto banco, baccarat is a. Our baccarat strategy guide has a complete rundown of strategies, including betting progressions and card counting. For the purposes of the game every card rank is given a numerical value. 24%. However, there are certain rules that come up depending on the Player's ScoreStrategy #4: Baccarat betting strategy . There are several types of roads and each one performs a different type of analysis. The casino is often referred to as the house. It pays -105 but statistically has the best odds of winning. The idea of the game is to achieve a hand as close to 9 as possible using the hand values determined above. Yes, there are several popular strategies used in Baccarat to try to increase the odds of winning. To begin playing Baccarat the dealer should shuffle the deck. com/baccaratThis betting strategy in baccarat is pretty straightforward: After a loss, you increase your bet by one unit, and after a win, you decrease your bet by one unit. Poker. It’s an easy method to follow. Most of these games are crude and simple but still playable, and many include an important feature: they will tell you if you don’t follow optimal strategy, so you can learn how to play better. There are seven baccarat games available at BetMGM, making it the biggest baccarat library. All the cards are given point values as follows. The system is a form of a positive betting system, which dictates that you should double your bets whenever you win until you lose. How to Win in Baccarat Card Games . However, those new to Baccarat should be cautious of Baccarat Banque, as it requires them to act as a banker. This strategy’s advantage is that you limit your risks, as your stakes remain constant and will not increase after a won or a loss. 6543. If you win, in the second round, you bet $30 (3 units). A Commission of 5% is taken from Banker wins, including any Peek bets. This side bet pays 40-to-1 if the dealer’s three-card total of 7 beats the player, otherwise the bet loses. Lightning Baccarat Game — Rules, Tips, and Strategy. system. Baccarat is a game of luck, so strategy will only take you so far! Bear this in mind before employing an overly complex strategy at the table. The. If the sum of the cards exceeds this, then players must either subtract ten from their total or drop the first numeral from the total. By the way, 8-to-1 is the standard payout on ties in online casino baccarat. Lucky Cola brings you a wide array of different casino games that includes Baccarat, Blackjack, European Roulette, Sic Bo, Texas Hold’em and live dealer versions of each. Learning the usage of the wagers in live Baccarat online is easy, as each is labeled clearly. Live slot play in Las Vegas! Watch me risk it all 🎰#lasvegas #slots #gambling⬇🌐 All My Links! (click here👇🏽)PO Box!👇. 奖励Online Baccarat in India. 06% when you wager on the banker’s hand. You can choose to draw a third card if the total value of their hand is less than 6. Baccarat Strategy. Apollo: Crypto Casino & Sports Betting - BTC Casino Online. The main goal of the game is to get as close to 9 as possible. Any good strategy to win at baccarat will factor this in. It can sit up to seven players instead of the original eight, its held by one single dealer, and has the lowest minimum bets of all. Secrets of Winning Baccarat. One will them make a wager and the game will start. The game is played with six or eight decks of cards shuffled into a shoe. Top Tips for Live Casino Baccarat Games – Most Effective. Baccarat has seemingly simple rules – the goal is to compare two hands and the one with the higher number wins. The Mega element that delivers the multipliers is a two-part process. The cards from two to nine are worth their face value. Discussions within this section are not public and are therefore not indexed by the search engines. Baccarat is a favorite of high rollers, so if you want to play games like those who can get entry into Crown Sydney, then baccarat is your game. Oscar’s Grind is a complex strategy for Baccarat games and is suitable for professional and experienced players. It doesn't look like it, but the totals for each card can be edited. Two cards are dealt to the dealer and player to. Blackjack players who use basic strategy do better; as do video poker players with refined skills. The rules of the baccarat game always state that the hand with the highest total wins. If there’s one strategy you’ll always stumble upon when looking for a baccarat game strategy, it’s the Banker bet. If you win the bet, continue with $20 as your bet amount. However, at some baccarat casinos online, you might discover they pay 9-to-1 in which case the house edge tumbles to 4. Banker bets include a house edge of 1. You can try it out. 94. Perhaps best known as a relative of the more popular game of blackjack in Europe and North America, baccarat is actually one of the most popular games in Asia. In baccarat, three bets are involved; the bankers bet, the professional players bet, and the tie bet. Flat Betting vs. Baccarat is a game of luck, where no winnings are guaranteed. Information on baccarat, baccarat online, baccarat rules, baccarat game, baccarat strategy, baccarat casino, baccarat how to win. The value of the Baccarat card game is : - 1 for the ace. Easy to understand. The house has a 1. This baccarat book offers something for players of every level. Here are a couple of rules to follow as part of strategy for blackjack using 4 to 8 decks: Do not play the insurance bet as it raises the house edge considerably. A tie wager pays the most but has the lowest odds. Basic Baccarat Strategy; Advanced Money Management Systems; Martingale System; Betting on the Trends Strategy; 1-3-2-6 and 1-3-2-4 Baccarat Strategy; Regression Baccarat Systems; Conclusion; The possibility of losing money is a reality every gambler should learn to accept before stepping into a casino but the prospect of winning is much more. In essence, the way the flat bet system works is very straightforward. January 14, 2004 Abstract: Since Baccarat is one of the easiest casino table card games to play and has one of the lowest house advantages, it provides just enough deception to lure the bettor into a false sense of. With the development of mobile gaming, it is now possible to download the baccarat app and play it on your smartphone, tablet or computer. Practice baccarat for free in demo mode to get a feel for the betting options (you can play baccarat games for free here at Resorts Casino) Baccarat strategy summary. Instead of using the normal 0. For several years, baccarat. The game's rules and baccarat winning strategy are straightforward and simple to understand. The backs of the cards are dealt face down. The dealer will burn the first card face up,. TrustDice and BC. The Mega element that delivers the multipliers is a two-part process. It’s all in the math. But the tie wager isn’t anywhere close to the other two betting options. A sum of money given to a player by an online casino for meeting certain requirements. Introduction To Bac Bo. Due to only these three main bets available, baccarat is a game that even beginners can enjoy quite quickly. You can use a strategy or system to beat the baccarat game. H. Finding the best baccarat strategy is partly accepting that no matter how good a strategy is, there will still be a fair. Speaking of the three betting types, each of them should be placed. Face cards and 10-pip cards carry a value of zero. The best Baccarat strategy A strategy specially designed to help you consistently win at Baccarat. Therefore, the player places a bet on one of the three possible outcomes: their hand winning, the banker’s hand winning, or a draw.